diff --git a/ConflictSet.cpp b/ConflictSet.cpp
index 88167ce..e668cf7 100644
--- a/ConflictSet.cpp
+++ b/ConflictSet.cpp
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 #include <compare>
 #include <memory>
 #include <span>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#define SHOW_PRIORITY 0
+#define SHOW_PRIORITY 1
+#define DEBUG 1
 
 using Key = ConflictSet::Key;
 
@@ -311,7 +313,7 @@ void updateMaxVersion(Node *n) {
   }
 }
 
-Node **rotate(Node **node, bool dir) {
+void rotate(Node **node, bool dir) {
   // diagram shown for dir == true
   /*    n
        /
@@ -342,7 +344,64 @@ Node **rotate(Node **node, bool dir) {
   */
   updateMaxVersion(n);
   updateMaxVersion(l);
-  return &l->child[dir];
+}
+
+bool checkInvariants(Node *node) {
+  bool success = true;
+  // Check bst invariant
+  std::vector<std::string_view> keys;
+  for (auto iter = extrema(node, false); iter != nullptr;
+       iter = next(iter, true)) {
+    keys.push_back(std::string_view((char *)(iter + 1), iter->len));
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if (iter->child[i] != nullptr) {
+        if (iter->priority < iter->child[i]->priority) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "%.*s has priority < its child %.*s\n", iter->len,
+                  (const char *)(iter + 1), iter->child[i]->len,
+                  (const char *)(iter->child[i] + 1));
+          success = false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  assert(std::is_sorted(keys.begin(), keys.end()));
+
+  // TODO more invariants
+  return success;
+}
+
+template <class Stepwise>
+void runInterleaved(std::span<Stepwise> remaining, int stepLimit = -1) {
+  while (remaining.size() > 0) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < int(remaining.size());) {
+      if (stepLimit-- == 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+      bool done = remaining[i].step();
+      if (done) {
+        if (i != int(remaining.size()) - 1) {
+          remaining[i] = remaining.back();
+        }
+        remaining = remaining.subspan(0, remaining.size() - 1);
+      } else {
+        ++i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <class Stepwise>
+void runSequential(std::span<Stepwise> remaining, int stepLimit = -1) {
+  for (auto &r : remaining) {
+    if (stepLimit-- == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    while (!r.step()) {
+      if (stepLimit-- == 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -377,81 +436,86 @@ struct ConflictSet::Impl {
 
   struct StepwiseInsert {
     // Search phase state. After this phase, the heap invariant may be violated
-    // for n->parent.
+    // for (*current)->parent.
     Node **current;
     Node *parent;
     const Key *key;
     int64_t writeVersion;
 
+    StepwiseInsert() {}
+    StepwiseInsert(Node **root, const Key &key, int64_t writeVersion)
+        : current(root), parent(nullptr), key(&key),
+          writeVersion(writeVersion) {}
+    bool step() {
+#if DEBUG
+      fprintf(stderr, "Step insert of %.*s. At node: %.*s\n", key->len, key->p,
+              (*current) ? (*current)->len : 7,
+              (*current) ? (const char *)((*current) + 1) : "nullptr");
+#endif
+      if (*current == nullptr) {
+        auto *newNode = createNode(*key, parent, writeVersion);
+        *current = newNode;
+        // We could interleave the iteration in next, but we'd need a careful
+        // analysis for correctness and it's unlikely to be worthwhile.
+        auto *prev = ::next(newNode, false);
+        assert(prev != nullptr);
+        assert(prev->rangeVersion <= writeVersion);
+        newNode->rangeVersion = prev->rangeVersion;
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        // This is the key optimization - setting the max version on the way
+        // down the search path so we only have to do one traversal.
+        (*current)->maxVersion = std::max((*current)->maxVersion, writeVersion);
+        auto c = *key <=> **current;
+        if (c == 0) {
+          (*current)->pointVersion = writeVersion;
+          return true;
+        }
+        parent = *current;
+        current = &((*current)->child[c > 0]);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct StepwiseRotate {
     // Rotation phase state. The heap invariant may be violated for n->parent.
     // Once this phase is complete the heap invariant is restored for each
     // n->parent encountered in a step of this phase.
     Node *n;
     Impl *impl;
 
-    enum Phase { Search, Rotate };
-    Phase phase;
+    StepwiseRotate() {}
+    StepwiseRotate(Node *n, Impl *impl) : n(n), impl(impl) {}
 
-    StepwiseInsert() {}
-    StepwiseInsert(Node **root, const Key &key, int64_t writeVersion,
-                   Impl *impl)
-        : current(root), parent(nullptr), key(&key), writeVersion(writeVersion),
-          impl(impl), phase(Search) {}
     bool step() {
-      switch (phase) {
-      case Search: {
-        if (*current == nullptr) {
-          auto *newNode = createNode(*key, parent, writeVersion);
-          *current = newNode;
-          // We could interleave the iteration in next, but we'd need a careful
-          // analysis for correctness and it's unlikely to be worthwhile.
-          auto *prev = ::next(newNode, false);
-          assert(prev != nullptr);
-          assert(prev->rangeVersion <= writeVersion);
-          newNode->rangeVersion = prev->rangeVersion;
-          phase = Rotate;
-          n = *current;
-          return false;
-        } else {
-          // This is the key optimization - setting the max version on the way
-          // down the search path so we only have to do one traversal.
-          (*current)->maxVersion =
-              std::max((*current)->maxVersion, writeVersion);
-          auto c = *key <=> **current;
-          if (c == 0) {
-            (*current)->pointVersion = writeVersion;
-            phase = Rotate;
-            n = *current;
-            return false;
-          }
-          parent = *current;
-          current = &((*current)->child[c > 0]);
-        }
-        return false;
+#if DEBUG
+      fprintf(stderr, "Step rotate %.*s\n", n->len, (const char *)(n + 1));
+#endif
+      if (n->parent == nullptr) {
+        return true;
       }
-      case Rotate: {
-        if (n->parent == nullptr) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        const bool dir = n == n->parent->child[1];
-        assert(dir || n == n->parent->child[0]);
-        // p is the address of the pointer to n->parent in the tree
-        Node **p = n->parent->parent == nullptr
-                       ? &impl->root
-                       : &n->parent->parent
-                              ->child[n->parent->parent->child[1] == n->parent];
-        assert(*p == n->parent);
-        if (n->parent->priority < n->priority) {
-          p = rotate(p, !dir);
-          n = (*p)->parent;
-        } else {
-          return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-      }
-      default:
-        __builtin_unreachable();
+      const bool dir = n == n->parent->child[1];
+      assert(dir || n == n->parent->child[0]);
+      // p is the address of the pointer to n->parent in the tree
+      Node **p = n->parent->parent == nullptr
+                     ? &impl->root
+                     : &n->parent->parent
+                            ->child[n->parent->parent->child[1] == n->parent];
+      assert(*p == n->parent);
+      if (n->parent->priority < n->priority) {
+#if DEBUG
+        fprintf(stderr, "\trotate %s\n", !dir ? "right" : "left");
+#endif
+        rotate(p, !dir);
+        // assert((*p)->child[0] == nullptr || (*p)->priority >=
+        // (*p)->child[0]->priority); assert((*p)->child[1] == nullptr ||
+        // (*p)->priority >= (*p)->child[1]->priority);
+        n = *p;
+      } else {
+        return true;
       }
+      return false;
     }
   };
 
@@ -463,25 +527,19 @@ struct ConflictSet::Impl {
       assert(writes[i].end.len == 0);
 
       stepwiseInserts[i] =
-          StepwiseInsert{&root, writes[i].begin, writes[i].writeVersion, this};
+          StepwiseInsert{&root, writes[i].begin, writes[i].writeVersion};
     }
 
     // TODO Descend until queries for front and back diverge
 
-    auto remaining = std::span<StepwiseInsert>(stepwiseInserts.get(), count);
-    while (remaining.size() > 0) {
-      for (int i = 0; i < int(remaining.size());) {
-        bool done = remaining[i].step();
-        if (done) {
-          if (i != int(remaining.size()) - 1) {
-            remaining[i] = remaining.back();
-          }
-          remaining = remaining.subspan(0, remaining.size() - 1);
-        } else {
-          ++i;
-        }
-      }
+    runInterleaved(std::span<StepwiseInsert>(stepwiseInserts.get(), count));
+
+    auto stepwiseRotates =
+        std::unique_ptr<StepwiseRotate[]>{new StepwiseRotate[count]};
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      stepwiseRotates[i] = StepwiseRotate{*stepwiseInserts[i].current, this};
     }
+    runSequential(std::span<StepwiseRotate>(stepwiseRotates.get(), count), 7);
   }
 
   void setOldestVersion(int64_t oldestVersion) {
@@ -538,7 +596,7 @@ ConflictSet &ConflictSet::operator=(ConflictSet &&other) noexcept {
 int main(void) {
   int64_t writeVersion = 0;
   ConflictSet::Impl cs{writeVersion};
-  constexpr int kNumKeys = 5;
+  constexpr int kNumKeys = 3;
   ConflictSet::WriteRange write[kNumKeys];
   for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys; ++i) {
     write[i].begin = toKey(i);
@@ -547,5 +605,6 @@ int main(void) {
   }
   cs.addWrites(write, kNumKeys);
   debugPrintDot(stdout, cs.root);
+  checkInvariants(cs.root);
 }
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file