diff --git a/ConflictSet.cpp b/ConflictSet.cpp
index 4385999..58009b6 100644
--- a/ConflictSet.cpp
+++ b/ConflictSet.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <span>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define SHOW_PRIORITY 0
 
 using Key = ConflictSet::Key;
 
@@ -86,6 +89,9 @@ Node *createNode(const Key &key, Node *parent, int64_t pointVersion) {
   result->child[1] = nullptr;
   result->parent = parent;
   result->priority = fastRand();
+#if SHOW_PRIORITY
+  result->priority &= 0xff;
+#endif
   result->len = key.len;
   memcpy(result + 1, key.p, key.len);
   return result;
@@ -102,6 +108,34 @@ struct Iterator {
   int cmp;
 };
 
+struct StepwiseLastLeq {
+  Node *current;
+  Node *result;
+  const Key *key;
+  int resultC = -1;
+  int index;
+  std::strong_ordering c = std::strong_ordering::equal;
+
+  StepwiseLastLeq() {}
+  StepwiseLastLeq(Node *current, Node *result, const Key &key, int index)
+      : current(current), result(result), key(&key), index(index) {}
+
+  bool step() {
+    if (current == nullptr) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    c = *current <=> *key;
+    if (c == 0) {
+      result = current;
+      resultC = 0;
+      return true;
+    }
+    result = c < 0 ? current : result;
+    current = current->child[c < 0];
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
 void lastLeqMulti(Node *root, std::span<Key> keys, Iterator *results) {
   assert(std::is_sorted(keys.begin(), keys.end()));
 
@@ -109,49 +143,23 @@ void lastLeqMulti(Node *root, std::span<Key> keys, Iterator *results) {
     return;
   }
 
-  struct Coro {
-    Node *current;
-    Node *result;
-    const Key *key;
-    int resultC = -1;
-    int index;
-    std::strong_ordering c = std::strong_ordering::equal;
-
-    Coro() {}
-    Coro(Node *current, Node *result, const Key &key, int index)
-        : current(current), result(result), key(&key), index(index) {}
-
-    bool step() {
-      if (current == nullptr) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      c = *current <=> *key;
-      if (c == 0) {
-        result = current;
-        resultC = 0;
-        return true;
-      }
-      result = c < 0 ? current : result;
-      current = current->child[c < 0];
-      return false;
-    }
-  };
-
-  auto coros = std::unique_ptr<Coro[]>{new Coro[keys.size()]};
+  auto stepwiseLastLeqs =
+      std::unique_ptr<StepwiseLastLeq[]>{new StepwiseLastLeq[keys.size()]};
 
   // Descend until queries for front and back diverge
   Node *current = root;
   Node *resultP = nullptr;
-  auto coroBegin = Coro(current, resultP, keys.front(), -1);
-  auto coroEnd = Coro(current, resultP, keys.back(), -1);
+  auto stepwiseLastLeqBegin =
+      StepwiseLastLeq(current, resultP, keys.front(), -1);
+  auto stepwiseLastLeqEnd = StepwiseLastLeq(current, resultP, keys.back(), -1);
   for (;;) {
-    bool done1 = coroBegin.step();
-    bool done2 = coroEnd.step();
-    if (!done1 && !done2 && coroBegin.c == coroEnd.c) {
-      assert(coroBegin.current == coroEnd.current);
-      assert(coroBegin.result == coroEnd.result);
-      current = coroBegin.current;
-      resultP = coroBegin.result;
+    bool done1 = stepwiseLastLeqBegin.step();
+    bool done2 = stepwiseLastLeqEnd.step();
+    if (!done1 && !done2 && stepwiseLastLeqBegin.c == stepwiseLastLeqEnd.c) {
+      assert(stepwiseLastLeqBegin.current == stepwiseLastLeqEnd.current);
+      assert(stepwiseLastLeqBegin.result == stepwiseLastLeqEnd.result);
+      current = stepwiseLastLeqBegin.current;
+      resultP = stepwiseLastLeqBegin.result;
     } else {
       break;
     }
@@ -159,12 +167,13 @@ void lastLeqMulti(Node *root, std::span<Key> keys, Iterator *results) {
 
   int index = 0;
   {
-    auto iter = coros.get();
+    auto iter = stepwiseLastLeqs.get();
     for (const auto &k : keys) {
-      *iter++ = Coro(current, resultP, k, index++);
+      *iter++ = StepwiseLastLeq(current, resultP, k, index++);
     }
   }
-  auto remaining = std::span<Coro>(coros.get(), keys.size());
+  auto remaining =
+      std::span<StepwiseLastLeq>(stepwiseLastLeqs.get(), keys.size());
   while (remaining.size() > 0) {
     for (int i = 0; i < int(remaining.size());) {
       bool done = remaining[i].step();
@@ -247,10 +256,19 @@ void lastLeqMulti(Node *root, std::span<Key> keys, Iterator *results) {
     fprintf(file, "\n");
     for (auto iter = extrema(node, false); iter != nullptr;
          iter = next(iter, true)) {
-      fprintf(file, " k_%.*s [label=\"k=\\\"%.*s\\\" m=%d v=%d r=%d\"];\n",
+      fprintf(file,
+              " k_%.*s [label=\"k=\\\"%.*s\\\" "
+#if SHOW_PRIORITY
+              "p=%u "
+#endif
+              "m=%d v=%d r=%d\"];\n",
               iter->len, (const char *)(iter + 1), iter->len,
-              (const char *)(iter + 1), int(iter->maxVersion),
-              int(iter->pointVersion), int(iter->rangeVersion));
+              (const char *)(iter + 1),
+#if SHOW_PRIORITY
+              iter->priority,
+#endif
+              int(iter->maxVersion), int(iter->pointVersion),
+              int(iter->rangeVersion));
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < printer.id; ++i) {
       fprintf(file, " null%d [shape=point];\n", i);
@@ -261,9 +279,12 @@ void lastLeqMulti(Node *root, std::span<Key> keys, Iterator *results) {
 
 [[maybe_unused]] Key toKey(int n) {
   constexpr int kMaxLength = 4;
-  static unsigned char itoaBuf[kMaxLength];
+  // TODO use arena allocation
+  static std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> *results =
+      new std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>>;
   int i = kMaxLength;
-  memset(itoaBuf, '0', kMaxLength);
+  results->push_back(std::vector<uint8_t>(kMaxLength, '0'));
+  uint8_t *itoaBuf = results->back().data();
   do {
     itoaBuf[--i] = "0123456789abcdef"[n % 16];
     n /= 16;
@@ -272,6 +293,8 @@ void lastLeqMulti(Node *root, std::span<Key> keys, Iterator *results) {
 }
 
 // Recompute maxVersion, and propagate up the tree as necessary
+// TODO interleave this? Will require careful analysis for correctness, and the
+// performance gains may not be worth it.
 void updateMaxVersion(Node *n) {
   for (;;) {
     int64_t maxVersion = std::max(n->pointVersion, n->rangeVersion);
@@ -352,61 +375,111 @@ struct ConflictSet::Impl {
     }
   }
 
-  void addWriteNaive(const WriteRange &write) {
-    // TODO handle non-singleton writes lol
-    Node **current = &root;
-    Node *parent = nullptr;
-    const auto &key = write.begin;
-    for (;;) {
-      if (*current == nullptr) {
-        auto *newNode = createNode(key, parent, write.writeVersion);
-        *current = newNode;
-        auto *prev = ::next(newNode, false);
-        assert(prev != nullptr);
-        assert(prev->rangeVersion <= write.writeVersion);
-        newNode->rangeVersion = prev->rangeVersion;
-        break;
-      } else {
-        // This is the key optimization - setting the max version on the way
-        // down the search path so we only have to do one traversal.
-        (*current)->maxVersion =
-            std::max((*current)->maxVersion, write.writeVersion);
-        auto c = key <=> **current;
-        if (c == 0) {
-          (*current)->pointVersion = write.writeVersion;
-          break;
-        }
-        parent = *current;
-        current = &((*current)->child[c > 0]);
-      }
-    }
+  struct StepwiseInsert {
+    // Search phase state. After this phase, the heap invariant may be violated
+    // for n->parent.
+    Node **current;
+    Node *parent;
+    const Key *key;
+    int64_t writeVersion;
 
-    auto *n = *current;
-    assert(n != nullptr);
-    for (;;) {
-      if (n->parent == nullptr) {
-        break;
+    // Rotation phase state. The heap invariant may be violated for n->parent.
+    // Once this phase is complete the heap invariant is restored for each
+    // n->parent encountered in a step of this phase.
+    Node *n;
+    Impl *impl;
+
+    int state;
+
+    StepwiseInsert() {}
+    StepwiseInsert(Node **root, const Key &key, int64_t writeVersion,
+                   Impl *impl)
+        : current(root), parent(nullptr), key(&key), writeVersion(writeVersion),
+          impl(impl), state(0) {}
+    bool step() {
+      switch (state) {
+        // Search
+      case 0: {
+        if (*current == nullptr) {
+          auto *newNode = createNode(*key, parent, writeVersion);
+          *current = newNode;
+          auto *prev = ::next(newNode, false);
+          assert(prev != nullptr);
+          assert(prev->rangeVersion <= writeVersion);
+          newNode->rangeVersion = prev->rangeVersion;
+          state = 1;
+          n = *current;
+          return false;
+        } else {
+          // This is the key optimization - setting the max version on the way
+          // down the search path so we only have to do one traversal.
+          (*current)->maxVersion =
+              std::max((*current)->maxVersion, writeVersion);
+          auto c = *key <=> **current;
+          if (c == 0) {
+            (*current)->pointVersion = writeVersion;
+            state = 1;
+            n = *current;
+            return false;
+          }
+          parent = *current;
+          current = &((*current)->child[c > 0]);
+        }
+        return false;
       }
-      const bool dir = n == n->parent->child[1];
-      assert(dir || n == n->parent->child[0]);
-      // p is the address of the pointer to n->parent in the tree
-      Node **p = n->parent->parent == nullptr
-                     ? &root
-                     : &n->parent->parent
-                            ->child[n->parent->parent->child[1] == n->parent];
-      assert(*p == n->parent);
-      if (n->parent->priority < n->priority) {
-        p = rotate(p, !dir);
-        n = (*p)->parent;
-      } else {
-        break;
+      // Rotate
+      case 1: {
+        if (n->parent == nullptr) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        const bool dir = n == n->parent->child[1];
+        assert(dir || n == n->parent->child[0]);
+        // p is the address of the pointer to n->parent in the tree
+        Node **p = n->parent->parent == nullptr
+                       ? &impl->root
+                       : &n->parent->parent
+                              ->child[n->parent->parent->child[1] == n->parent];
+        assert(*p == n->parent);
+        if (n->parent->priority < n->priority) {
+          p = rotate(p, !dir);
+          n = (*p)->parent;
+        } else {
+          return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+      default:
+        __builtin_unreachable();
       }
     }
-  }
+  };
 
   void addWrites(const WriteRange *writes, int count) {
-    for (const auto &w : std::span<const WriteRange>(writes, count)) {
-      addWriteNaive(w);
+    auto stepwiseInserts =
+        std::unique_ptr<StepwiseInsert[]>{new StepwiseInsert[count]};
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      // TODO handle non-singleton writes lol
+      assert(writes[i].end.len == 0);
+
+      stepwiseInserts[i] =
+          StepwiseInsert{&root, writes[i].begin, writes[i].writeVersion, this};
+    }
+
+    // TODO Descend until queries for front and back diverge
+
+    auto remaining = std::span<StepwiseInsert>(stepwiseInserts.get(), count);
+    while (remaining.size() > 0) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < int(remaining.size());) {
+        bool done = remaining[i].step();
+        if (done) {
+          if (i != int(remaining.size()) - 1) {
+            remaining[i] = remaining.back();
+          }
+          remaining = remaining.subspan(0, remaining.size() - 1);
+        } else {
+          ++i;
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -464,13 +537,14 @@ ConflictSet &ConflictSet::operator=(ConflictSet &&other) noexcept {
 int main(void) {
   int64_t writeVersion = 0;
   ConflictSet::Impl cs{writeVersion};
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
-    ConflictSet::WriteRange write;
-    write.begin = toKey(i);
-    write.end.len = 0;
-    write.writeVersion = ++writeVersion;
-    cs.addWrites(&write, 1);
+  constexpr int kNumKeys = 5;
+  ConflictSet::WriteRange write[kNumKeys];
+  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys; ++i) {
+    write[i].begin = toKey(i);
+    write[i].end.len = 0;
+    write[i].writeVersion = ++writeVersion;
   }
+  cs.addWrites(write, kNumKeys);
   debugPrintDot(stdout, cs.root);
 }
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file