#include <barrier>
#include <doctest/doctest.h>
#include <latch>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>

#include "reference.hpp"

namespace {
struct TestObject {
  int value;
  explicit TestObject(int v) : value(v) {}
};

struct Node {
  int data;
  Ref<Node> next;
  WeakRef<Node> parent;

  explicit Node(int d) : data(d) {}
};

// Classes for polymorphism testing
struct Base {
  int base_value;
  explicit Base(int v) : base_value(v) {}
  virtual ~Base() = default;
  virtual int get_value() const { return base_value; }
};

struct Derived : Base {
  int derived_value;
  explicit Derived(int base_v, int derived_v)
      : Base(base_v), derived_value(derived_v) {}
  int get_value() const override { return base_value + derived_value; }
};

struct AnotherDerived : Base {
  int another_value;
  explicit AnotherDerived(int base_v, int another_v)
      : Base(base_v), another_value(another_v) {}
  int get_value() const override { return base_value * another_value; }
};

// Classes to test polymorphic pointer address changes
struct Interface1 {
  int interface1_data = 1;
  virtual ~Interface1() = default;
  virtual int get_interface1() const { return interface1_data; }
};

struct Interface2 {
  int interface2_data = 2;
  virtual ~Interface2() = default;
  virtual int get_interface2() const { return interface2_data; }
};

// Multiple inheritance - this will cause pointer address changes
struct MultipleInheritance : Interface1, Interface2 {
  int own_data;
  explicit MultipleInheritance(int data) : own_data(data) {}
  int get_own_data() const { return own_data; }
};
} // anonymous namespace

TEST_CASE("Ref basic functionality") {
  SUBCASE("make_ref creates valid Ref") {
    auto ref = make_ref<TestObject>(42);
    CHECK(ref);
    CHECK(ref.get() != nullptr);
    CHECK(ref->value == 42);
    CHECK((*ref).value == 42);
  }

  SUBCASE("explicit copy increments reference count") {
    auto ref1 = make_ref<TestObject>(123);
    auto ref2 = ref1.copy();

    CHECK(ref1);
    CHECK(ref2);
    CHECK(ref1.get() == ref2.get());
    CHECK(ref1->value == 123);
    CHECK(ref2->value == 123);
  }

  SUBCASE("explicit copy assignment works correctly") {
    auto ref1 = make_ref<TestObject>(100);
    auto ref2 = make_ref<TestObject>(200);

    ref2 = ref1.copy();
    CHECK(ref1.get() == ref2.get());
    CHECK(ref1->value == 100);
    CHECK(ref2->value == 100);
  }

  SUBCASE("move construction transfers ownership") {
    auto ref1 = make_ref<TestObject>(456);
    auto *ptr = ref1.get();
    auto ref2 = std::move(ref1);

    CHECK(!ref1);
    CHECK(ref2);
    CHECK(ref2.get() == ptr);
    CHECK(ref2->value == 456);
  }

  SUBCASE("move assignment transfers ownership") {
    auto ref1 = make_ref<TestObject>(789);
    auto ref2 = make_ref<TestObject>(999);
    auto *ptr = ref1.get();

    ref2 = std::move(ref1);
    CHECK(!ref1);
    CHECK(ref2);
    CHECK(ref2.get() == ptr);
    CHECK(ref2->value == 789);
  }

  SUBCASE("reset clears reference") {
    auto ref = make_ref<TestObject>(111);
    CHECK(ref);

    ref.reset();
    CHECK(!ref);
    CHECK(ref.get() == nullptr);
  }
}

TEST_CASE("WeakRef basic functionality") {
  SUBCASE("construction from Ref") {
    auto ref = make_ref<TestObject>(333);
    WeakRef<TestObject> weak_ref = ref.as_weak();

    auto locked = weak_ref.lock();
    CHECK(locked);
    CHECK(locked.get() == ref.get());
    CHECK(locked->value == 333);
  }

  SUBCASE("lock() returns empty when object destroyed") {
    WeakRef<TestObject> weak_ref;
    {
      auto ref = make_ref<TestObject>(444);
      weak_ref = ref.as_weak();
    }
    // ref goes out of scope, object should be destroyed

    auto locked = weak_ref.lock();
    CHECK(!locked);
  }

  SUBCASE("copy and move semantics") {
    auto ref = make_ref<TestObject>(666);
    WeakRef<TestObject> weak1 = ref.as_weak();
    WeakRef<TestObject> weak2 = weak1.copy();     // explicit copy
    WeakRef<TestObject> weak3 = std::move(weak1); // move

    auto locked2 = weak2.lock();
    auto locked3 = weak3.lock();
    CHECK(locked2);
    CHECK(locked3);
    CHECK(locked2->value == 666);
    CHECK(locked3->value == 666);
  }
}

TEST_CASE("Ref thread safety") {
  SUBCASE("concurrent copying") {
    const int num_threads = 4;
    const int copies_per_thread = 100;
    const int test_iterations = 1000;

    for (int iter = 0; iter < test_iterations; ++iter) {
      auto ref = make_ref<TestObject>(777);
      std::vector<std::thread> threads;
      std::latch start_latch{num_threads + 1};

      for (int i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i) {
        threads.emplace_back([&]() {
          start_latch.arrive_and_wait();

          for (int j = 0; j < copies_per_thread; ++j) {
            auto copy = ref.copy();
            CHECK(copy);
            CHECK(copy->value == 777);
          }
        });
      }

      start_latch.arrive_and_wait();

      for (auto &t : threads) {
        t.join();
      }

      CHECK(ref);
      CHECK(ref->value == 777);
    }
  }
}

TEST_CASE("Control block cleanup race condition test") {
  // This test specifically targets the race condition where both
  // the last strong reference and last weak reference are destroyed
  // simultaneously, potentially causing double-free of control block

  const int test_iterations = 10000;

  // Shared state for passing references between threads
  Ref<TestObject> ptr1;
  WeakRef<TestObject> ptr2;
  auto setup = [&]() {
    ptr1 = make_ref<TestObject>(0);
    ptr2 = ptr1.as_weak();
  };

  // Barrier for synchronization - 2 participants (main thread + worker thread)
  std::barrier sync_barrier{2};

  std::thread worker_thread([&]() {
    for (int iter = 0; iter < test_iterations; ++iter) {
      // Wait for main thread to create the references
      sync_barrier.arrive_and_wait();

      // Worker thread destroys the weak reference simultaneously with main
      // thread
      ptr2.reset();

      // Wait for next iteration
      sync_barrier.arrive_and_wait();
    }
  });

  for (int iter = 0; iter < test_iterations; ++iter) {
    // Create references
    setup();

    // Both threads are ready - synchronize for simultaneous destruction
    sync_barrier.arrive_and_wait();

    // Main thread destroys the strong reference at the same time
    // as worker thread destroys the weak reference
    ptr1.reset();

    // Wait for both destructions to complete
    sync_barrier.arrive_and_wait();

    // Clean up for next iteration
    ptr1.reset();
    ptr2.reset();
  }

  worker_thread.join();

  // If we reach here without segfault/double-free, the test passes
  // The bug would manifest as a crash or memory corruption
}

TEST_CASE("WeakRef prevents circular references") {
  SUBCASE("simple weak reference lifecycle") {
    WeakRef<TestObject> weak_ref;

    // Create object and weak reference
    {
      auto ref = make_ref<TestObject>(123);
      weak_ref = ref.as_weak();

      // Should be able to lock while object exists
      auto locked = weak_ref.lock();
      CHECK(locked);
      CHECK(locked->value == 123);
    }
    // Object destroyed when ref goes out of scope

    // Should not be able to lock after object destroyed
    auto locked = weak_ref.lock();
    CHECK(!locked);
  }

  SUBCASE("parent-child cycle with WeakRef breaks cycle") {
    auto parent = make_ref<Node>(1);
    auto child = make_ref<Node>(2);

    // Create potential cycle
    parent->next = child.copy();      // Strong reference: parent → child
    child->parent = parent.as_weak(); // WeakRef: child ⇝ parent (breaks cycle)

    CHECK(parent->data == 1);
    CHECK(child->data == 2);
    CHECK(parent->next == child);

    // Verify weak reference works while parent exists
    CHECK(child->parent.lock() == parent);

    // Clear the only strong reference to parent
    parent.reset(); // This should destroy the parent object

    // Now child's weak reference should fail to lock since parent is destroyed
    CHECK(!child->parent.lock());
  }
}

TEST_CASE("Polymorphic Ref conversions") {
  SUBCASE("copy construction from derived to base") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(10, 20);
    CHECK(derived_ref->get_value() == 30); // 10 + 20

    // Convert Ref<Derived> to Ref<Base>
    Ref<Base> base_ref = derived_ref.copy();
    CHECK(base_ref);
    CHECK(base_ref->get_value() == 30); // Virtual dispatch works
    CHECK(base_ref->base_value == 10);

    // Both should point to same object
    CHECK(base_ref.get() == derived_ref.get());
  }

  SUBCASE("copy assignment from derived to base") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(5, 15);
    auto base_ref = make_ref<Base>(100);

    // Before assignment
    CHECK(base_ref->get_value() == 100);

    // Assign derived to base
    base_ref = derived_ref.copy();
    CHECK(base_ref->get_value() == 20); // 5 + 15
    CHECK(base_ref.get() == derived_ref.get());
  }

  SUBCASE("move construction from derived to base") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(7, 3);
    Base *original_ptr = derived_ref.get();

    // Move construct base from derived
    Ref<Base> base_ref = std::move(derived_ref);
    CHECK(base_ref);
    CHECK(base_ref->get_value() == 10); // 7 + 3
    CHECK(base_ref.get() == original_ptr);
    CHECK(!derived_ref); // Original should be empty after move
  }

  SUBCASE("move assignment from derived to base") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(8, 12);
    auto base_ref = make_ref<Base>(200);
    Base *derived_ptr = derived_ref.get();

    // Move assign
    base_ref = std::move(derived_ref);
    CHECK(base_ref);
    CHECK(base_ref->get_value() == 20); // 8 + 12
    CHECK(base_ref.get() == derived_ptr);
    CHECK(!derived_ref); // Should be empty after move
  }

  SUBCASE("multiple inheritance levels") {
    auto another_derived = make_ref<AnotherDerived>(6, 4);
    CHECK(another_derived->get_value() == 24); // 6 * 4

    // Convert to base
    Ref<Base> base_ref = another_derived.copy();
    CHECK(base_ref->get_value() == 24); // Virtual dispatch
    CHECK(base_ref.get() == another_derived.get());
  }
}

TEST_CASE("Polymorphic WeakRef conversions") {
  SUBCASE("WeakRef copy construction from derived to base") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(3, 7);

    // Create WeakRef<Derived>
    WeakRef<Derived> weak_derived = derived_ref.as_weak();

    // Convert to WeakRef<Base>
    WeakRef<Base> weak_base = weak_derived.copy();

    // Both should lock to same object
    auto locked_derived = weak_derived.lock();
    auto locked_base = weak_base.lock();

    CHECK(locked_derived);
    CHECK(locked_base);
    CHECK(locked_derived.get() == locked_base.get());
    CHECK(locked_base->get_value() == 10); // 3 + 7
  }

  SUBCASE("WeakRef copy assignment from derived to base") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(4, 6);
    auto base_ref = make_ref<Base>(999);

    WeakRef<Derived> weak_derived = derived_ref.as_weak();
    WeakRef<Base> weak_base = base_ref.as_weak();

    // Assign derived weak ref to base weak ref
    weak_base = weak_derived.copy();

    auto locked = weak_base.lock();
    CHECK(locked);
    CHECK(locked->get_value() == 10); // 4 + 6
    CHECK(locked.get() == derived_ref.get());
  }

  SUBCASE("WeakRef from Ref<Derived> to WeakRef<Base>") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(2, 8);

    // Create WeakRef<Base> directly from Ref<Derived>
    WeakRef<Base> weak_base = derived_ref.as_weak();

    auto locked = weak_base.lock();
    CHECK(locked);
    CHECK(locked->get_value() == 10); // 2 + 8
    CHECK(locked.get() == derived_ref.get());
  }

  SUBCASE("WeakRef move operations") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(1, 9);
    WeakRef<Derived> weak_derived = derived_ref.as_weak();

    // Move construct
    WeakRef<Base> weak_base = std::move(weak_derived);

    // Original should be empty, new should work
    CHECK(!weak_derived.lock());

    auto locked = weak_base.lock();
    CHECK(locked);
    CHECK(locked->get_value() == 10); // 1 + 9
  }
}

TEST_CASE("Polymorphic edge cases") {
  SUBCASE("empty Ref conversions") {
    Ref<Derived> empty_derived;
    CHECK(!empty_derived);

    // Convert empty derived to base
    Ref<Base> empty_base = empty_derived.copy();
    CHECK(!empty_base);

    // Move empty derived to base
    Ref<Base> moved_base = std::move(empty_derived);
    CHECK(!moved_base);
  }

  SUBCASE("empty WeakRef conversions") {
    WeakRef<Derived> empty_weak_derived;
    CHECK(!empty_weak_derived.lock());

    // Convert empty weak derived to weak base
    WeakRef<Base> empty_weak_base = empty_weak_derived.copy();
    CHECK(!empty_weak_base.lock());
  }

  SUBCASE("mixed Ref and WeakRef conversions") {
    auto derived_ref = make_ref<Derived>(5, 5);

    // Ref<Derived> → WeakRef<Base>
    WeakRef<Base> weak_base_from_ref = derived_ref.as_weak();

    // WeakRef<Base> → Ref<Base> via lock
    auto base_ref_from_weak = weak_base_from_ref.lock();

    CHECK(base_ref_from_weak);
    CHECK(base_ref_from_weak->get_value() == 10); // 5 + 5
    CHECK(base_ref_from_weak.get() == derived_ref.get());
  }

  SUBCASE("multiple inheritance pointer address bug test") {
    auto multi_ref = make_ref<MultipleInheritance>(42);

    // Get pointers to different base classes - these will have different
    // addresses
    Interface1 *interface1_ptr = multi_ref.get();
    Interface2 *interface2_ptr = multi_ref.get();

    // Verify that pointers are indeed different (demonstrating the issue)
    CHECK(static_cast<void *>(interface1_ptr) !=
          static_cast<void *>(interface2_ptr));

    // Create WeakRef to Interface2 (which has a different pointer address)
    WeakRef<Interface2> weak_interface2 = multi_ref.as_weak();

    // Lock should return the correct Interface2 pointer, not miscalculated one
    auto locked_interface2 = weak_interface2.lock();
    CHECK(locked_interface2);
    CHECK(locked_interface2.get() ==
          interface2_ptr); // This might fail due to the bug!
    CHECK(locked_interface2->get_interface2() == 2);

    // Also test Interface1
    WeakRef<Interface1> weak_interface1 = multi_ref.as_weak();
    auto locked_interface1 = weak_interface1.lock();
    CHECK(locked_interface1);
    CHECK(locked_interface1.get() == interface1_ptr); // This might also fail!
    CHECK(locked_interface1->get_interface1() == 1);
  }
}

// Should be run with asan or valgrind
TEST_CASE("Self-referencing WeakRef pattern") {
  struct AmIAlive {
    volatile int x;
    ~AmIAlive() { x = 0; }
  };
  struct SelfReferencing {
    AmIAlive am;
    WeakRef<SelfReferencing> self_;
  };
  auto x = make_ref<SelfReferencing>();
  x->self_ = x.as_weak();
}